Dead Poets Society and Individualism

Preston Herring English 200 February 6, 2013 Dead Poet’s Society and Individualism In the movie, Dead Poet’s Society, it conveys the thought of individualism and how it can impact your life as a whole in detail. The many conflicts that the characters face throughout the movie demonstrate how the thought of thinking for one’s self is shameful and how being different and sticking out from the crowd is looked down upon. Neil Parry’s suicide for instance illustrates the consequences that can happen when someone’s individual thoughts and feelings are not listened to and authority’s tradition is allowed to prevail against individualism.On the other hand the triumph of the individual thoughts and beliefs may sometimes have a positive outcome like in the case of Knox Overstreet. When Knox becomes obsessed with Chris, without even meeting her, he ends up risking his life to win her heart. In both cases, characters go with their individual thoughts and beliefs to make their choices and stop obeying traditional authority figures. The whole group of friends of Neil Parry and Todd Anderson embark on a trip of finding themselves and individual growth that will have a lasting impact on their futures.Not everybody can have the inner strength to stand up for their individual thoughts. An example is Neil Parry’s unfortunate suicide. When Neil decides to pursue a career in acting rather than in medicine his father, Mr. Parry, is furious. Unemotional by Neil’s extraordinary performance in the play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Mr. Parry continues to insist on controlling Neil’s life and dictating his every move. But Mr. Parry’s efforts were in vain. Neil had already experienced freedom once before, a privilege not easily obtained.With this taste of freedom he realizes that he can think for himself and do great things on his own. Neil eventually stands up to his father, but can’t express his opinions and emotions to the increasingly angered old school man that his father is. Rather than continuing to live a life in which he can’t pursue his own true dreams, he decides that the only way to gain control of his situation is by killing himself. Though he lost everything in the process, suicide was the only way for Neil to stand up to his father and live life to the fullest or s Mr. Keating would say â€Å"Carpe Diem†. Through the action of suicide, Neil is taking control of his life decisions and must accept the consequences. Neil’s decision to take his life was a necessary step to find himself, grow as an individual, and realize that he can make his own decisions. On the other side of the story is Knox Overstreet, one who is not afraid to express his own emotions and romances. Knox recognizes the vital importance of individualism when he becomes in love with Chris, a girl that he has never met before and doesn’t even know.Knox, like Neil, recognizes the importance of individual emotion and opinions in guiding him through life and helping him make decisions. Knox decides to risk everything by standing up to her boyfriend Chet in a romantic attempt to win Chris’s heart. His many attempts prove to be effective in the end. Chris does go to A Midsummer Night’s Dream with Knox and even holds his hand. In a way Knox has succeeded, he has won the battle, and he has prevailed over the authority figure Chet.Throughout the movie, there are several examples where characters act with individuality, purposely disobeying traditional authority in order to follow their own dreams. In some cases, these conflicts had positive outcomes like in Knox’s case. In other situations such outbreak of individualism had deadly consequences like Neil. In either case the process of self-discovery and free thinking was bound to happen and after being awarded freedom for the very first time, both Neil and Knox weren’t going to give up th is sense of individuality and free thinking up without a fight.The only place where someone can find out his or her true identity, their true character, is within himself or herself. Neil and Knox’s fearless fight with basic tradition beliefs will forever demonstrate the importance and necessity of finding yourself and individually growing to become a new person that you chose to be and to be a role model and figure to new generations of teenagers to come. Works Cited FitzPatrick, Bill. Action Principles. † Success. org. American Success Institute. 12 Dec 2006 . Long, Tony. â€Å"You Say You Want a Revolution? † [Podcast entry] The Luddite. 06 July 2006. Wired. com. 12 Dec 2006 . Waldo, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"Philosophy of Teaching. † UW. 12 Dec 2006 .

Psycological Contract Essay

The psychological contract is a little difficult to define because as George (2009, pg3) states it ‘is implicit in that it is unspoken, unwritten and often only becomes apparent when it is breached, causing feelings of violation’ none the less it is extremely important part of the business and can be what ‘binds the employee and the employer together’ (Robinson and Rousseau, citied in George 2009 pg4) ‘through the mutual expectations of input and outcome’ outlined by Businessballs (2010) CIPD (2004, p5) outlines some of the things that people look for in a psychological contract: Employee attitude surveys undertaken by the CIPD since 1996 have been analysed by David Guest, Kings College London, and Neil Conway, Birkbeck College. The surveys have consistently focused on a number of key issues, including: satisfaction, motivation, fairness, trust, job security, loyalty, work–life balance, commitment. Downsizing is the process of removing layers from the company, sometimes known as retrenchment, involving potential redundancies, wage cuts and other general cut backs (Rollinson p41). In this text I will be looking at the effects downsizing can have on the psychological contract whether it can reduce the likelihood of a violation, with particular interest in what makes this ‘contract’ so important, what both the employer and employee are looking for within it and how other factors such as age and social media can have an impact. Businessballs(2010)back up the fact that ‘the psychological contract refers to the relationship between an employer and its employees’ and, in employment terms, it is about finding the balance between how the employee is treated by its employer, and what the employee puts into the job. CIPD (2004) surveys show that ‘90% of HR managers think the psychological contract is a useful concept for helping to manage the employment rel ationship’ this is brought by the, increasing, realisation that employee motivation, satisfaction and commitment can be very influential in the overall business performance, and if an employer can establish and maintain a positive psychological contract with its employee a sustainable business value is more likely to be met (CIPD 2004). So essentially it is a form of guarantee where ‘if each does his or her part, the relationship will be mutually beneficial’ (Robinson and Rousseau, citied in George 2009 pg4). This brings me to my first reason supporting the fact that Downsizing could reduce the likelihood of a psychological contract violation. In a recent survey it showed that staff given an adequate voice are more likely to be engaged and satisfied (CIPD 2009, p2). With downsizing likely to result in the removal of layers of supervision and middle management, the employee voice is more likely to be expressed as those remaining are likely to have more responsibilities and a say in day to day decisions through the process of empowerment (Rollinson 2008, p522) all things likely to strengthen the psychological contract, as if the employee is working harder the employer will be pleased and the employee will enjoy having more of a say and new responsibilities. In addition to this (CIPD 2009 p7) survey showed that ‘Direct’ channels of voice between employees and line managers/senior leaders are both more common and seen as more important than ‘indirect’ or ‘representative’ channels’ their surveys also showed one to one meetings with line managers to be ‘the most important facilitator of voice’ so again this is likely to be made easier through the process of downsizing as they will have the time to deal with less people and with the hierarchy likely to be ‘flatter†¦ and lateral rather than vertical communication is much more common.’ (Rollinson 2008, p522). However there is a lot of evidence to suggest downsizing is likely to have a negative effect on the psychological contract represented by ‘a number of rigorous empirical studies has shown that many empowerment initiatives fail to deliver their expected advantages and that employees can end up less committed than before’ (Rollinson 2008, p 522) as well as ‘a leading British survey has noted, taken overall, the combined effects of work reorganisation and downsizing have led to an extraordinary intensification of work pressure’ (Thompson and Mchugh 2002, p189). This is due to the additional work load and burden left for the employees that remain at the business and often just using a more flattering term such as empowerment will not have the desired effect (ibid.) as well as the apprehension caused by initiatives like downsizing which inevitably leads to the reduction of commitment and loyalty (Savery et al. 1998, citied in Rollinson 2008, p42). With 3 key aspe cts to the psychological contract, mentioned at the start (motivation, loyalty and commitment), likely to be lacking after downsizing the business performance could potentially take more damage ‘because headcount reductions tend to occur across the board†¦ quite frequently, the very people who will be needed to ensure future organisational success disappear as well’ (Rollinson 2008, p50) with performance slacking the employer won’t be satisfied and if the important employees leave then clearly they are not satisfied with the way things are being run and therefore there must have been some break down in the psychological contract. Downsizing can bring other negative aspects to your business in the form of ‘politicking’ which happens in all business to a certain degree, through the form of complaints, adherence to rules etc. but is more likely to happen when resources are reclining or changes are taking place (Robbins et al. 2010, p380/382). With the aim of politicking often being to ‘block or inhibit another group (or individual) from achieving goals’ (Rollinson 2008, p414). Political behaviour is more likely to happen when there is a lack of trust within the organisation (Robbins et al. 2008) and therefore is another suggestion that the psychological contract has been breached, due to downsizing. This argument if backed up in (ibid.) which states ‘there is very strong evidence that perceptions of organisational politics are negatively related to job satisfaction. The perception of politics also tends to increase job anxiety and stress’. Although this shows strong evidence that downsizing could lead to violations in the psychological contract it is not guaranteed, as business balls stress, the outcome of change relies strongly on how it is sold to whoever is concerned (2010) by sold they are referring to how well ‘the use of persuasion, influence or incentive, in causing someone or a group to do something they would probably not otherwise do’ If done properly it is likely the psychological contract will be strengthened as ideally you will meet some sort of compromise and both parties will be happy as ‘persuasion can produce mutually positive outcomes in some situations’ (ibid.). However if a lot of persuasion is involved when trying to implement change on someone it is usually because they are unlikely to accept the situation otherewise, and if pushed too hard it is possible to put off those being persuaded and is unlikely to produce a good outcome for the persuader either (business balls 2010). This is extremely relevant to the psychological contract because it involves a lot of trusted. The transition is always likely to go more smoothly, and the psychological contract can remain strong if the leader is open with his employees giving them all the information and an honest explanation ‘People need to know what lies ahead, and to be consulted and supported in dealing with it.’ (ibid.) There are many things that can affect the psychological contract at an organisation, but it is not the same for everyone. Generation diversity has a huge impact on modern business with organisations having to counter for the different age groups who are unlikely to have the same needs and expectations, for example ‘older, mid- and late career employees were more likely to believe that their psychological contracts are unreplicable’ (Ng Feldman 2008, citied in George 2009 p125) potentially making them a safer option to employ as they will have less concerns when their contract is breached. The importance in taking all the different generations into account is outlined in a recent study (CIPD 2008): The speed of communications, the pace of change to meet mass markets, economic migration and more rigorous Public sector accountability, make this a unique time in the workplace. These have all placed greater emphasis than ever before on the need for organisations to be agile and harness different capabilities. Skills in digital technology, information management and entrepreneurialism are mixed with longstanding wisdom, change management and customer service ethos. The four generations in the workplace are bringing divergent skills, learning styles and expectations around reward. These four generations consist of the veterans, baby boomers, generation x and generation z, as well as the start of generation Z which consist of 16 year olds and younger soon to be a part of modern day business. They develop their different approaches to business through social trends, education, and technology (CIPD 2008). When looking at the psychological contract it is going to be more positive if there is a common goal (George 2008, p4) and therefore it is important to look at what each generation can offer you. Studies in the United States found that ‘(65+) are hardworking, conservative and conforming†¦ mid-40 to mid-60†¦ achievement, ambition and dislike of authority. Late-20s to early 40’s value work/life balance, relationship, dislike of rules†¦ under 30s value financial success, confidence and loyalty to self and relationships’.(Robbins et al. 2008, -95) ‘By understanding what motivates its employees, an organisation can develop a compelling value proposition to engage and reward them.’ (CIPD 2008, p10). Not only does it point out the differences between the generations but it can also help employers recognise ‘generic values’ (Ibid.) with only 4% of people feeling that a competitive deal and job security was not important when being offered a job, all with the exception of a few veterans looked for personal development as well as there being a significant demand for people management skills, technology development leadership training and knowledge about their organisation. (CIPD 2008, p11) Essentially it is finding the right mix to suit each individual that makes up the psychological contract, ‘Proactively managing the organisation’s employer brand and reflecting generational differences in job design, will be fundamental drivers of attraction and engagement’ (CIPD 2008 p35) Google are an example of an organisation who have got this balance right and have been rewarded with the reputation of number 1 place for graduates to work. This is due to the combination of internal rewards, a consistent recruitment process, a variety of social and professional interest groups, a consistency globally in terms of technology and a personal recruitment process and other benefits which keep the employee happy which makes them want to keep the employer happy and thus an extremely positive psychological contract is built (CIPD 2008) In addition to keeping up with the modern generations it is also important for companies to show an interest in modern technology. However the introduction of social media sights have shown a recent concern amongst employers as CIPD 2009 survey suggest ‘most either forbade (21.1%) or discouraged it (45.5%)’ this is due to the things people might say about their company with (Robbins et al. 2010) recording that ’39 per cent of individual bloggers say they have posted comments that could be construed as harmful to their company’s reputation’ realistically this is a breach in the psychological contract and the reason employers are reluctant for their employees to use them. On balance it is clear that the psychological contract can play a key role in the success of the business and any violations to it can be extremely costly. However with reference to the question it is hard to say whether or not downsizing reduces the chances of the contract being violated, because although if managed carefully people could feel the benefits through empowerment and if the employer is fair and open with the employee it could help build a stronger relationship (business balls 2010), I feel the evidence to suggest your staff are likely to feel increased stress and pressure from the work load and as shown in (CIPD 2004, p17) list of top fifteen ways to develop a good psychological contract number one is ‘Avoid redundancies whenever possible: redundancies lower morale’ which suggests you are starting on the back foot by downsizing. Anon. (2010) The psychological contract [online][viewed 10/12/2012] http://www.businessballs.com/psychological-contracts-theory.htm#external-relative-factors CIPD. (2009) Learning and development. Annual survey report. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. CIPD (2008) Gen Up how the four generations work. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development CIPD (2004). Practical Tools from CIPD research. London: chartered Institute of Personnel and Development George C. (2009). The Psychological Contract. Maidenhead: Open University Press Robbins S.P, T.A Judge, T.T Campbell. 2010. Organizational Behaviour. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall Rollinson D. (2008). Organisational behaviour and analysis, an integrated approach. 4th ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall Thompson P, Mchugh D. (2002) Work Organisation. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave

Using international entrepreneurship to drive a small business Dissertation

Using international entrepreneurship to drive a small business - Dissertation Example The concerned company which is now in consideration is Crave Outsourcing Group. A group of very professional individual which is a rapidly growing outsourcing firm specialized in providing integrated outsourcing solutions to small and medium sized businesses (SMB) and blue-chip clients in the UK, Nigeria and across the globe.This is founded in April in 2008 which is a largely growing private firm. There are three directors Femi Odunmbaku Alexander Ihebuzor Seun Akinpelu A three successful professional striving hard to achieve their goal in achieving the edge on others companies and off course they had suffered hard yet managed to cop up with the challenges they have faced during last year’s. As the rapid decrease has been seen in the sales of this firm. It is calculated that the turnover of this company for the year 2010 was UK - ?85,000 Approx (fiscal 2010). This company has managed to retain a god position still in the market by holding a valuable place in a commercial area in London as the company headquarters. The main objective to write this innovative report is to share the crises the company has faced and to identify the core issue and manage to find out the solution. The companies was in crises since 2010 the third year f its operational working company experience the disaster as tremendous change in the sale. Its sales low down up to a significant figure. in this report we will discuss all the features. Objectives: The biggest question and objective to run a successful business lies on the core question like How to effectively and successfully operate an organization. It requires an extensive amount of training, skills, knowledge and experience yet an intelligent investment. Although organizations over time have become very complex and competitive and using every mean to get an edge over others. The company managers must understand the concept of management in order to effectively run an organization. It takes a lot of savvy and skills to superv ise employees and run an organization. The company who faces crises up and cannot stand against those crises has the biggest reason in form of lack of management skills and timely correct decisions. Managers, Supervisors and skilled or technical staff are some of the most important individuals in an organization. As they set the tone and culture for an organization. They have to get the employees to buy into the culture and policy of the organization. Furthermore, the manager is responsible for solving problems and motivate the employees to achieve the target. They also have the responsibility to make sure that employees are working effectively. They must also strive to make sure the organization is profiting or providing a quality service. Supervisors should possess leadership characteristics. They must be able to recognize the strength and weakness in their followers. Also, a manager must be able to delegate responsibilities and motivate their employees. They should have good comm unication skills and know how to read their employees. "Nothing is more exciting than growing a prosperous business, but nothing is more dangerous for a prosperous business than growth." - Steve Meisenheimer The main objective of this report is to cover all and every aspect which evolves in making an organization. Like What should your new organization look like? What is the performance of the company? The yearly revenue generated by the company. What are the key factors involved in the success or failure of the policies The core factors evolve in the failure and lower revenue What are the successful strategies companies had or should have When should you add each new position? How will you manage the new hires? What education and skills should each of them have? What contribution should you expect from each employee? Can you afford all the new people you'll need? Even for those successful companies, answering these questions can be taxing, if not overwhelming. You might agree, howe ver, that these questions should be answered before you begin the

Employed Person in Different Jobs Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Employed Person in Different Jobs - Case Study Example This paper highlights that wine is considered a luxurious drink. In addition, wine costing  £10 a glass is quite expensive and this means such person will have foregone saving just to enjoy a glass of expensive wine. The implication of such spending is reduced level of saving since money which could be saved in spent on luxurious drinks. Further, such spending has far-reaching effects on investments since they are largely financed from savings. Wheat is a raw material used in the production of bread. An increase in the price of wheat is attributable to decline in supply possibly due to low production causing the demand to rise. Increased demand, on the other hand, leads to higher prices for wheat. With the new increased price for wheat and assuming that bread manufacturers continue to buy wheat, they will, in turn, increase the price of bread. The following diagram shows the effect on demand and supply of bread as a result of the increased price of wheat. The above diagram shows the effect of a price increase on the quantity of bread supplied. Basically, bread producers are motivated to produce more at an increased price. For example, at  £5, seven pieces of bread are supplied. However, with an increase in the price of wheat which at the same time causes a rise in the price of bread.  The above diagram shows the effect of rising in price on the quantity of brand demanded. Originally, the price of bread is at  £5 and seven pieces are produced. However, with the rise in price to  £6, the demand curve moves backward. This causes a decrease in quantity demanded to five pieces. Butter and margarine are complements of bread. Complements refer to products which are used together with the item in question.  

Concrete Island by J.G. Balllard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Concrete Island by J.G. Balllard - Essay Example This novel is followed by â€Å"High-Rise† and preceded by â€Å"Crash†. As the name implies, the book is about a Concrete island that is not a natural island but a manmade one formed by the intersection of three speeding motorways. This manmade island is a triangular section of land and is as isolated as a geographical island. The concrete island virtually traps the protagonist, the wealthy architect Maitland and stops every means of escape. The island is compared to a living thing that changes it form like a chameleon. It first gets hold of his car wrecking it up so that his one escape means gets destroyed and later grasps him, claws at him and forbids him to leave it until he himself have an upper hand on the island and thaw all its moves with the help of his intelligence and instinct. Maitland finds himself trapped in this triangular piece of land while life goes on as usual in that metro city. People even see him from their passing cars but mistake him for a bummer and refuses to stop. But, as the protagonist become more and more acquainted with the forgotten piece of landscape, he feels more comfortable living there, until he finds that the island is the mirror image of his self, â€Å"I am the island† (pg. ... He is a rich architect living a fast and furious life who has a wife along with a mistress, a high profile job and all the luxuries that life can give him but no time for himself. He is basically running off from one appointment to the other with little time for a break, speeding up his vehicle, until destiny puts a comma on his life and he gets a chance to evaluate his inner self and take destiny in his own hands by deciding to stay on in the void created by humans even when the chance to escape is presented to him. Thus, it could be fate itself that directed him to the island and urged him to stay on. Nobody to Miss Him Maitland crashes into the concrete island at a crucial time in his life when nobody was expecting him. Hence, this is the time when people would not miss him and his absence would not be questioned. Thus, Maitland has to restore to his resources to be able to stay alive. Maitland is a very impulse individual who rushes into things without waiting to think of their c onsequences. He is afraid of fate and of unknown and does all that he could to escape as fast as he could from the disaster that he finds himself surrounded in. But, however much he runs from the island, he finds himself back in it and worse for trying it out. It is like the island is surrounded by invisible Page 3 walls and he only hurts himself while trying an escape route. Like Robinson Crusoe he has to live on the meager ration of his car. Slowly, Maitland starts acquainting him in this new landscape and in the process discovers that he is not alone in this rough piece of land. He has two more neighbors in the form of Jane, a prostitute and Proctor, an acrobat. Thus, Maitland may decide to stay on for some more time until his appearance becomes necessary and people would start

The Appellate Courts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Appellate Courts - Research Paper Example The legal system of most countries has various levels and as a result, if one of the participants in a case feels discontented/feels that a lower-level court has not judged his or her case fairly; he/she may decide to file a formal appeal, requesting that the case be reviewed in an appellate court. In the event that the appellate court discovers that the lower court erred or used the incorrect legal procedure, for instance, it may decide to overturn the original verdict. History.com documents that the United States’ Supreme Court is a famous example of an appellate court. It is considered as a court of last resort or final appeal – once it hands down a decision, there does not exist a higher court of appeals. The appellate court system guarantees that individuals who desire to make an appeal can do so. A lawyer/team of lawyers has the responsibility of filing an appeal, and experience with the process of appeal is very useful, seeing that it can aid in the achievement o f the desired result. History of the US Appellate Courts The United States’ Court of Appeals had been created by an act of Congress (1891) to ease the Supreme Court of a good deal of its growing appellate duties in addition to remedying dearth in the cumbersome Circuit Court System, which was ultimately eliminated in the year 1911. The nine appellate courts were not to exercise original jurisdiction or to be trial courts. They were to be the essential middle rung in the three-tiered federal court system, which had been envisaged from the First Judiciary Act of 1789 instituted federal courts, pursuant to the Constitution’s Article 3, section 1. Under the courts of appeal were the United States district courts, which acted as trial courts for criminal and civil cases relating to federal law. The Supreme Court was above the courts of appeal. The courts of appeal embodied many aspects of the previous circuit courts. The main responsibility of appellate courts is reviewing the decision of a trial court on a given appealed case, looking for ‘mistakes of law’ that the trial court may have made. They do not ‘second guess’ factual issues that the trial courts decided earlier on. In the legal system, the jury resolves factual issues and not the appellate court (Radcliffe, 1). Each court of appeals had a geographic region, which it served. For the previous Fifth Circuit, that region comprised of Georgia, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, as well as the Canal Zone, in essence the same region that the old Fifth Circuit Court served ever since the 1866 re-organization of the circuits. In the year 1869, in an endeavor to fortify the circuits, Congress, sanctioned that a circuit judge be appointed for each circuit. In 1869, President Grant appointed William Burnham Woods as the first judge of the reorganized Fifth Circuit. Don Albert Pardee succeeded him in 1881 (UScourts.gov, 1). In the 1891 Act, which created the Court of Appeals, Congress authorized a second judge for the Fifth Circuit, and in the year 1892, Texan A.P. McCormick took that position. In 1899, David D. Shelby, an attorney from Huntsville, Alabama and ex- Confederate cavalry officer became the third judge for the Fifth Circuit. The Court of Appeals Act (1891) chose one city in each circuit where court would be take place. In 1930, the number of judges in the Court of Appe

Cancer Pain Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cancer Pain - Literature review Example The nurses need to understand how to apply their clinical knowledge in the management of pain by identifying the type of pain patient presents with, along with the right medication or treatment strategy to manage it. MANAGEMENT OF CANCER PAIN Pain is one of the most common features of cancer, but it can present itself at any stage and can be both acute and chronic in type. Around 90% of the patients with cancer are likely to experience certain type of pain. This severity is likely to increase should proper medication is not given at the right time (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Defined as a physiological identification of a series of electrical and chemical events, pain can take many shapes and levels of severity. Not only the cancer itself but also other clinical situations may cause pain, which may or may not be related to the disease. These may include surgery, use of certain medications and the effects of radiation therapy (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Nurses come across the manag ement of pain very regularly, not only in cancer, but also in other care aspects as well. However, cancer pain management is much more challenging due to the constantly changing dynamics of health of the cancer patients. Many reports reveal that although pain is the most common complaint one presents with, it often is not managed properly, with the result that patients do not find complete relief from their ailment (Pain Management, nd). Nurses therefore, have been working on this area of research and creating ways to identify best practices of controlling and eliminating pain, with ease to both the staff and the patient (Zepettella, 2009). The intensity of pain can be of many types and durations, and based on these two factors, the treatment therapy and approach is determined. Patients may have varying types and intensities of pain within the same day, therefore, it is important to analyze and identify they type of pain they are experiencing. At one moment the pain may be regular p ain that is a feature of the normal body. At the other moment, the pain may be of breakthrough kind (Zepettella, 2009). Still other type of pain may be taking place due to pressure on the surrounding structures. Therefore, the key need by nursing professionals will be to correctly analyze the type, severity, duration and cause of pain. There are many concerns that nurses may have regarding provision of pain medication. Nurses are concerned that providing high doses of medication can lead to substance abuse among patients. They also believe that pain should be treated when it occurs and unnecessary medication before the onset of pain is unnecessary. Nurses believe that pain should be physically expressed in order to receive the medication, and that patients may exaggerate their level of pain, which may lead to overdose. These and other such reasons may make nurses hesitate in providing pain medication or high doses of pain medication to their patients (Pain Management, nd). The pain in cancer can be of many types, and the chief determinant is the location where the tumor is expanding along with the regional structures that may be affected by it. Types of pain in cancer from can include nerve and bone pain, soft tissue pain, phantom pain and referred pain respectively (Zepettella, 2009). Some of the common reasons that can trigger such pain include blocked blood vessels in the tumor region, leading to poor circulation of blood, fracture of bones mostly

The Boeing 757-200 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Boeing 757-200 - Research Paper Example Changes included wing design and engines. Aim This essay will discuss the unique aerodynamic characteristics of the Boeing 757-200. Boeing 757-200 The Boeing 757-200 entered operational service in 1983 and featured numerous design enhancements in the areas of propulsion, aerodynamics, avionics and materials, aimed at meeting its medium haul clients requirements of increased fuel efficiency, decreased noise and increased operational performance (Boeing). The aircraft was available in passenger and freighter configurations, with a maximum takeoff weight of 255,000 pounds (lbs) providing increased payload or range (Boeing). To achieve these enhancements, modified or new design features included; Wing design, Engines, Improved light weight materials, and Modified flight station instrumentation. Wing Design The 757-200’s wing is swept at 250, has a longer span, higher upper surface camber and lower under surface camber, combined with sharper leading edges (Boeing). Relating these f eatures to the lift equation: Lift= CL x (? p V2) x wing area (s), where CL is the coefficient of lift and p (rho) is density, (Dole and Lewis, 2000), as the wing area has increased, this, along with the increase in camber (increasing CL), means that lift is improved. Additionally, as wingspan increases, wingtips are farther apart which reduces the impact of trailing vortices on the wing and decreases induced drag (aerospaceweb). The 757-200 wing shape is a supercritical airfoil (Figure 1) (aerospaceweb). This is commonly used on aircraft that cruise at transonic (less than Mach 1 (Dole and Lewis, 2000)) speeds and is designed to reduce drag through delaying the speed at which the compressibility effect becomes significant (Aerospaceweb). Compressibility effect is the increase in density at an aerofoil due to forward motion (FAA, 2001). Figure 1: Boeing 757 wing airfoil section The differences in pressure distribution over the supercritical airfoil can be seen in comparing between t he conventional and supercritical sections, as seen at Figures 2 and 3 (aerospaceweb). Figure 2: Pressure distribution over a conventional airfoil Figure 3: Pressure distribution over a supercritical airfoil Figure 4 (aerospaceweb) shows the coefficient of lift versus angle of attak for the 757-200 wing section. Figure 2: Boeing 757 wing airfoil section lift coefficient The aerodynamic benefits of a supercritical airfoil is related to critical Mach number. Accelerated airflow over an upper airfoil section due to wing camber can reach Mach 1 where the aircraft Mach number (speed) is lower. The speed at which the flow over the wing surface reaches Mach 1 is called the critical Mach number (FAA, 2001). As speed increases above the critical Mach number, areas of supersonic flow are created over the airfoil surfaces. This is accompanied by a shock wave which varies pressure and density. An adverse pressure gradient is created by slowed airflow, inducing higher pressure, which may result in a rapid separation of the airflow from the surface of the airfoil. This separation creates an area of turbulent wake resulting in rapid increases in drag. The Mach number at which this begins to occur is known as the drag divergence Mach number (FAA, 2001). The benefits of a super critical airfoil in combination with swept wings are that the critical Mach number is close to one thereby delaying and reducing the large increase in drag due to wave drag (aerospaceweb). In addition to the above, modified wing sweep enables the optimal combination between required cruising speed, CL and drag divergence (FAA, 2001), whilst the sharper leading edge reduces parasitic drag (Applied Aerodynamics, 2007). It is considered the sharper leadi

Informational Interview Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informational Interview - Research Paper Example Upon graduating, she began her current role with her current employer after completing her internship with them as a web designer for company clients. Her current role involves the development of the company’s website and sub-sites. For this, she uses a combination of software including Drupla, Editplus, phpBB and Photoshop. She usually works independently but liaises with the company CEO and sales and marketing departments for website information regarding new content, information, customer information, target audiences and news. The interviewee believes that her educational programme helped greatly in preparation for her current role. She administers that attention to detail, creativity and technical proficiency are important skills for web designers. She is concerned by the current climate of the profession regarding the popularity and availability of accessible web-design software, however, she admits that effective web design of larger or complex sites can only be achieved by trained and skilled web designers. The following are some examples of the questions and answers given during the interview. â€Å"No, I wasn’t always interested in Web Design. I was always interested in the web itself and computers in general. I first became interested in web design when I took the web design module in my first year in college.† â€Å"I created a substantial web site for my third year project and again for my final year project......My project work definitely helped me with my career in web design. I also had an internship called INTRA during my third year of college. This also helped a lot with gaining experience in web design, and also gave me my job today.† â€Å"A typical day for me would be to come in at 9 o clock. Check emails. Email the CEO of the company and ask for any news and updates for the website†¦ Check that the website is working correctly and make any necessary changes†¦Add in any news or updates. Make changes†¦ Only yesterday I

The Effect of Workplace Conflicts on Productivity Essay

The Effect of Workplace Conflicts on Productivity - Essay Example Labour is one of the crucial factors of production, providing the necessary link between the raw materials, other factors of production, and the final products, their distribution and delivery to the final consumer. In simple terms, labour, otherwise known as workforce, comprises of all the various players including employees, their employers, managers, self-employed people, and in a sense, the unemployed population capable of providing labour (Reddy, 2004: 27). Though different perspectives have been taken, the argument that conflict in the workplace, in any of its forms, is not an important barrier to productivity nor is it an interesting topic for economic theory can be challenged. In several dimensions, work place conflicts have become normalities and facts of life. Diversity of opinions, which results from increasing labour in a workplace setting has contributed to different goals and objectives, which conflict in one way or the other. It can be argued from theoretical perspecti ve that though perceived negatively, conflicts in workplace are not at all times a negative thing. For as long as resolutions are effectively executed, chances of both personal and professional growth in the organization within which the conflicts exist can be promoted. However, management failure and evident reduced productivity have become the most common outcomes once an organization is faced by conflicts (Gramberg, 2006:68). Many of the factors that cause these conflicts are developed from within the organization. Through publications, several factors have been noted as the core contributors of workplace conflicts. For instance, poor wages by employees contributes immensely to these conflicts. Although workers have given their time and labor to contribute to the organizations’ progress, their efforts have not been reciprocated. As a result, they do not feel motivated. Though scholars believe that the result of reduced motivation is reduced output, which consequently reduc e productivity (Maravelas, 2008:14), the magnitude of the reduced productivity is not in any way negligible hence considered a factor to reduced productivity. Another factor contributing to workplace conflicts and believed to lower productivity is poor working condition. Companies that have recorded continuous growth from time to time have evidenced excellent working conditions, which include insurance and medical cover for all workers. When this covers are provided, workers feel part of the company or organization and feel protected at the same time hence productivity increases through increased individual output (Maravelas, 2008:69). Within organizations, bullying has taken place where by some individuals are considered less than others are. This trend still occurs during making of decision affecting the organizations. Whereby theorists advocate that all workers are involved in the process of decision-making, this is not the case. Management makes all the decisions on behalf of ot her people in the organization, including the decisions that affect the employees. Such a state is a form of bullying hence workers feel that they have been considered inferior and as a result relax in their work hence due to conflicts that result as they fight for their rights. This eventually leads to reduced produc

The Psychological Development of a Client Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Development of a Client Essay From societys standpoint, one of the most important indexes of morality is the extent of which a person is able to resist pressures to violate social norms. A person who is able to resist the temptation in the absence of external surveillance not only has learned a moral rule but is internally motivated to abide by that rule. How do children acquire moral standards and what motivates them to obey these learned codes of conduct? There are several theories on moral development which have attempted to answer these questions. Freuds theory of moral development is very closely linked to aspects of his psychoanalytic theory. Freuds theory was quite controversial and appeared to be mainly concerned with sex. However, looking at some of his work and theorys there are perhaps some areas we may be able to relate to or even understand. Darwin influenced Freud. He produced the first ever-psychological theory on personality, how we develop and treatment for mental health illnesses. Freuds Psychoanalytic approach is quite complex. However, its basic rationale is that all human behaviour is a result of a basic driving force- instinct and survival. The driving force has to be sexual, the need to reproduce. Freud believed that there are three parts to a persons mind. This is the conscious mind, preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. The conscious part of the mind is what is going on immediately. The preconscious part of the mind is when a particular event or reminder of a certain time that something has happened, the memory will become clear again. The unconscious part of the mind is buried. It apparently gives us our drives for sex and our drives for life and death. This can be explained in terms of the Greek Gods. The Libido (Eros) is the drive for sex and life as it represents life and love. The Greek God Thantos is the drive for death. This can be seen as fulfilling the drive through extreme sports, abusive relationships, drug or alcohol misuse and career driven people. Freud believed that the personality comprised of three parts. The Id, Ego and Superego. He believed that when we are born, we are born with the Id, which is the selfish part. I want. When the Id receives gratification, the Id receives gratification, which works entirely on the Pleasure Principle. The Ego is like the executive. It does things logically and is governed by the Reality Principle. I will get it this way if I cant get it another way. This part of the personality just defers the gratification. The Superego works on the Morality Principle. Morality can be described as a set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong, to act on this distinction, and to feel pride in virtuous conduct and guilt fro conduct that violates ones standards. The morality principle in Freuds theory is split up into two parts. The conscious, which represents the punishing parent and imposes the guilt for immoral deeds or thoughts or any wrongdoing. For example, witnessing a theft but not reporting it. The ego-ideal, which represents the rewarding parent and imposes the pride which is feelings of satisfaction for doing something good. For example, finding a wallet and handing it in to the police station. Freud proposed that our moral development comes from our Superego. This is as a result and part of our Oedipus complex. This occurs in the phallic stage of our development. This is again a controversial part of Freuds theory. Freuds explains this as a childs feelings and attraction towards the parent of the opposite sex. However, because the boys fear castration he learns his masculine role and internalizes his fathers moral standards. Internalizing is the process of adopting the attributes or standards of other peoples, taking these standards as their own. The girls fear losing their mothers love they develop a conscious and internalizes her mothers moral standards, so both identifying with the same sex parent. The identification is internalised by the same sex parents moral behaviour, so therefore the inner parent rewards or punishes good or bad actions. However, Freud claims that because girls do not experience the intense fear the boys do of castration, they will develop weaker superegos than the boys do. We might be able to credit Freud with him pointing out that moral emotions such as pride, shame and guilt are important and that the internalization of moral principles is a crucial step along the way of morality. However, a lot of Freuds work is largely unsupported. Freud had also done his work based only on one subject who he interacted with through letters via his parents. (Little Hans. ) furthermore, there is simply no evidence that boys develop stronger superegos than girls. Finally, Freuds proposed age trends for moral development are actually quite pessimistic. As early as 13 to 15 months some toddlers are already complying with some prohibitions in the absence of external surveillance. (Kochanska, Tjebkes and Foreman, 1998. ) According to Kochanska et al. , 1995, by age two toddlers are beginning to show clear signs of distress when they violate rules and sometimes try to correct the mistakes that they have made. These observations suggest that the children internalize morals a lot younger than Freud has suggested. So even though the generalization of Freuds morality theory has some credit, maybe the his theory of oedipal morality is not as black and white as he makes it out to be.

Techniques Used In Pride And Prejudice

Techniques Used In Pride And Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen explores the viciousness of social class and its breaking points. Set in 19th century in a rustic region of Longbourn, England the reader is confronted with the stark difference between the gentry and the common people. Austen uses a romantic novel to paint the biased views of the opposite ends of the social spectrum; the gentry riddled prejudicial hate and disgust and the commoners with their blinding pride. These two character flaws are both what separate the rich from the commoners and what also lumps them in the same category. To punctuate such character flaws, Austen uses the motifs of courtship and journey, satire, and the counterparts of characters in the separate classes. The third and fourth inflection points are where the story has reached its climax. In the attraction period Mr. Darcy has already proposed to Elizabeth and has been rejected. But in this crucial period of time Elizabeth has started to see the change within the character of Mr. Darcy. She in fact comes to fall in love with him, a sign that she is slowly coming over her pride of being an independent woman. Within the last inflection point there is a marriage, Jane and Bingleys, this ending scene marks the end of the barrier between the snobbish gentry and the common people. The theme of Pride and Prejudice is that social class can both define a character as well as set ones principles. The defining of character and principles is caused by a society who has become subjected to the severity of the social class rules in which the social class system is a binding force that coerce people to live life in the invisible confines created by intangible wealth. However, in regards to love all such rules are cast away. The idea that one may not rub elbows let alone marry someone who is beneath he/shes status are blind sighted by couples who are enraptures in their heated but seraphic love. Austen trying to send a message that love can transcend the barrier of social classes, but before that there will always be a clashing of beliefs and attitudes due to a contrastive upbringing. In Pride and Prejudice there are a total of seven marriages, but the two that constitute with the theme are the marriages of Jane and Mr. Bingley and Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. Jane and Mr. Bingleys affair is a very straight forward affair; Mr. Bingley is a wealthy man and is desperately in love with Jane Bennet, a woman well beneath his stature, who loves him just as much. This couple wants to be together but the only force that holds them apart in the approval of the gentry. In the end Mr., Bingley forgoes all formalities and marries Jane (though he did gain the approval of Mr. Darcy, the man who all along disapproved of their union) which proves that love cannot be kept confined within the social formalities created by an exuberant amount of wealth. One other union that went against all of high societys standards was the marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Though their first impression of each other had them at each others throats they soon come to find that they have much in common even though there is a noticeable difference in their statuses, and they slowly come to love each other. The societal obstacles that was placed in their affair was first the distrust and the low opinion Elizabeth had of Mr. Darcy but when they overcame that Lady Catherine became another problem. Lady Catherine is a very wealthy, powerful, and respected lady within all of England and even has a place in the royal court. She objects to the union between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth she plans to marry off her daughter to him. But in the name of love Mr. Darcy outs that all aside and marries a girl who is inferior to him. Jane Austens graceful narrative style was uncommon in her time. The time in which she wrote such an entertaining yet inspiring novel was a period in literature that mainly consisted of emotional excess, flowery wordiness, and many biblical allusions. Pride and Prejudice is written in a prose without containing one superfluous word and it also frequently breaks into dialogue that are very lively and very revealing of characters. In some of the passages the Austen enters the mind of some of her characters; though usually it is in the mind of Elizabeth because she is the main character of the novel, and it is there she will reveal her characters capacity for humor and self-criticism. Much of the novel is filled with dialogue that is important because they explain the true nature of the characters for example If he had had any compassion for me, cried her husband impatiently, he would not have danced half so much! For Gods sake, say no more of his partners. O that he had sprained his ankle in the first place!' (Chapter 3) Mr. Bennet does not really wish bad fortune on Mr. Bingley but is instead is trying to express that he has had enough with his wifes insufferable attitude. This way of revealing a characters character usually gives the Jane Austen used many techniques when writing Pride and Prejudice but one she used most frequently is creating characterizations. In any passage Austen uses direct narration to describe the background to the reader, but we also learn about the characters from what they do, how they act, and what others say about them. She is probably best known for her ability to capture characterization through what characters say and HOW they say it. Â  Pay attention to vocabulary and diction, syntax, sentence length, subject matter, and tone of voice. Â  If you focus on scenes of conversation as you review the novel you can really see how a character is different from one scene to the next. For example, the way Elizabeth speaks with Jane is very different from the way she speaks with the Bingley sisters, but both scenes serve to illuminate her character. She is open and honest with Jane, but reserved and brisk with the sisters. Â  This difference reveals a lot about her character. Each conversa tion she has reveals more facets of her character!

McDonalds Leadership and Management

McDonalds Leadership and Management When McDonalds opened its doors for business, a new trend of fast food emerged in California, back in 1954. Ray Kroc laid the foundation of what is now one of the worlds leading food retailers. McDonalds has more than 32,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries serving more than 60 million people every day. Catering to such a large customer base and extending its roots in other countries was not an easy task, strong values and effective management were the prerequisites required to make the company where it stands today. Since its inception, McDonalds has been actively engaged in innovating and building strong customer relations. From a chain of few restaurants to franchisees and drive thru restaurants, McDonalds has lived up to its promise of maintain convenience for its customers. Highlighting the key success areas, McDonalds label the experience as the major determinant (Long, 2006). The core part of their business is QSC V. QSC V stand for quality, service, cleanliness and values. Emphasis on these factors with effective implementation through four management functions is what constitutes the major ingredients for McDonalds success. Functions of Management Management is creative problem solving with the desired result of using organizational resources in a way that accomplishes its mission and objectives. These results are obtained by four management functions to which we turn next in context with the McDonalds. Planning is the ongoing process of developing the business mission and objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. McDonalds shares its ideas through its well developed vision. This vision statement serves as the binding glue between the employees worldwide. They all aim to serve their customers by giving them the best quality products at their convenience. This vision statement clearly indicates the future of the organization. At McDonalds every employee knows where they are heading towards and what their individual contribution. The vision acts as the binding force which gives the employees a sense of purpose and commitment. The second aspect of planning is to have a clear defined mission. McDonalds mission statement is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat (Dentch, 2009). This mission defines their business and their place in the life of its customers. Planning at McDonalds identify the goals and objectives and develop their strategies and tasks to accomplish these goals. Planning at McDonalds is aligned with the changes in the external environment; it also faced many challenges like local taste of people, cultural values, and traditions of specific area in which they want to enter. The planning process maintained the core values at all franchisees, however the local demands were taken into account to indulge in their culture completely. Strategies were modified to suit the needs of the area in which they entered. This was reflected in the operations as well as the resource utilization. One aspect that highlights McDonalds effective planning is how they manage their supply chains. Timely delivery and quality raw materials were the result of establishing good relations with the supply chain partners. As a result of this strategic planning, McDonalds went into the business of a 24/7 restaurants. This was to match the demands of the all types of customers and to boost the profits by extending the store hours. This was accompanied with introducing breakfast at McDonalds which further added to the menu. McDonalds was now offering all three meals of the day along and was thinking along the lines of adding snacks to the menu. With clearly defined purpose of the business, embedded values that dictate the vision and emphasis on the role of planning, McDonalds is able to achieve sustainable profits. Organizing is establishing the internal organizational structure of the organization. The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute authority to job holders. in todays society it is important that management considers the employees and customers as the most important asset of the organization. Having a rigid structure undermines the creativity of the employees, thus the culture of empowerment and delegation is what currently prevails in the competitive environment. McDonalds uses the collaborative management approach which connects all the global franchisees worldwide under the umbrella of single company name (Long, 2006). Management encourages the practice of working and assisting with each others franchisees to deliver the best to their customers by coping up with external challenges and representing a collaborative responsible culture. In order to ensure consistent q uality, the standards are uniform for all franchises. Thus a centralized structure prevails in terms of training programs, supplies and operations. The formal structure at McDonalds divides the organization in the departments and every individual knows his tasks well at which he needs to be specialized. However, these standard procedures do not give rise to bureaucratic rigidity in the organization; each employee is committed to achieve their goals. The organizational structure chosen supports the performance and is aligned with the strategy of the restaurant of providing consistent quality and great service experience. Leadership at McDonalds, the CEO is seen as the focal point from which the leadership emerges. Jim skinner, the current CEO of McDonalds has been entertained with this title for the past thirty five years (Dentch, 2009). Skinner is said to be an excellent leader with charismatic and transformational leader. He has said to revitalize the organization and introduced a new fast food business with his new vision. The turnaround at McDonalds can be fully attributed to his creative and innovative leadership. He was one of those who introduced plan to win initiative that emphasized the significance of store operations. Having a diverse background and expertise, he adapted strategies to keep his employees motivated and committed. Under his leadership, he places great importance on customer satisfaction; customers come before his employees and restaurants. He promotes creativity but does not let his employees focus the primary motive of his organization. He believes in finding the talent therefore he assigns different tasks to his employees and the best one is awarded and granted with more responsibility. Skinner places importance on values and ethics. When McDonalds was blamed for obesity, he did not hide behind passing on the blame; instead he took actions to positively handle the situation. Thus he can be seen as a moral leader who makes McDonalds a better place for both employees and customers. Controlling at McDonalds is the amalgam of motivated workers and the clear policies which keep them right on the track. The line manager is in charge of keeping the employees working according to the standards. At a broader perspective, every franchise must follow quality standards and abide by the strict supplier policies (Long, 2006). This is to ensure that the brands name is not in danger by irresponsible activities at individual franchise level. McDonalds Corporation believes in training its employees at Hamburger University. This is to ensure that employees are clear about the benchmark and how they modify any shortcomings in their performance to meet these standards. Flexible work schedule, fun loving culture, training and a healthy work life balance is what keeps the employees motivated. Though McDonalds is known for its tight control and bureaucratic structure, it in no way inhibits employee productivity or commitment to the organization. Conclusion McDonalds is a global fast food chain known for its quality food and great customer experience. Through strict and clear policies and under the charismatic leadership of Skinner, McDonalds have been able to build a reputable image in the minds of its consumers. Actively responding to the changing needs of its customers, it has been able to maintain its brand essence along with rising profits. A perfect blend of the four management functions namely, planning, organizing, leading and controlling has been the key driver behind McDonalds success.

Thoreau :: essays research papers

nry David Thoreau's outlook on education grew problematic because of a growing sense that it prevented learning rather then fostering it. He emphasized a deep respect for the local and concrete as the basis of all learning but education through experience was just as intrinsically valuable as schooling. You can't stop life once when you become a teacher you have to keep learning He spent the rest of his life learning and writing; the two were usually the same for him. The purpose of writing for Thoreau is, if he didn't write, he didn't exist. He would have no purpose in life. He embodied the notion of continuing education and lifelong learning. Thoreau was an advocate for continuing education more fundamentally in the sense that he knew that no system is sufficient or permanent, that to be responsively alive is to be a perpetual learner, always aware of both the possibilities and the limits of ones current knowledge. Thoreau remained a learner of how he learned, keeping in his journal a series of internal reflections. He believed that body and soul, self and society, emotion and intellect can be reconciled. He asserts a basic succession between the schoolroom and the street by moving the classroom outside, between the process of learning and experience. He believed that the teacher could learn with and from the student. On the positive side, he wanted to devote all his energies to his writing. But on the negative side, he had a deep, underlying suspicion of the whole activity of formal education. In his journal he writes about how horrible it is to teach when the student isn't experienced or ready for it. Education is never completed, it is always vibrantly alive to the present circumstances of life. While Thoreau sees this cycle as at the heart of the educational process, it is in the area of writing, that he writes with the greatest depth. He engaged in this learning activity daily, noting: "How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live!" Some progressive educators make the mistake of thinking it is enough to have experiences, just by memory somehow constitute thinking about it Thoreau believed that reading and thinking should not be locked away within the mind only. Henry David Thoreau viewed education as an ongoing process that is necessary to awaken us from abstractions and preconceptions in order to learn and see things in a new light.

The Chrysanthemums :: essays research papers

1. The Chrysanthemums On Henry Allen's ranch east of Salinas Elisa plants yellow chrysanthemums as Henry is selling thirty head of cattle to agents of the Western Meat Company. After he and Scotty go to round up the cattle, a tinker shows up. He asks for work which Elisa says she hasn't. He asks for seeds for a lady on his route. Elisa gives him seedlings with instructions, and then she finds work for him which he does professionally. To celebrate the sale Henry drives her to Salinas for dinner at the Cominos Hotel and a movie; they drive past the tinker on the road and she privately weeps. 2. The White Quail Mary has her garden designed before its lot is bought, before she's married. She picks Harry because she thinks the garden will like him. After the house is built and the garden established Harry finds her perfect though untouchable. She doesn't care for his occupation (making loans for cars); it's unfair. She routinely locks him from her tiny bedroom on the garden. He tries the lock and leaves quietly. She refuses to let him have a setter pup since it might damage her garden. After a white quail visits the cement pond she fears a cat will come and asks Harry to put out poison fish. He refuses but will try to hit such a cat with his new air rifle. Next morning he shoots the white quail then tells Mary it was the cat he buried. 3. Flight Mama Torres makes Emilo and Rosy fish when they can. Pepà ©, who is beautiful but lazy, is sent to Monterey for medicine and salt. At Mrs. Rodriguez's he kills a man with his father's black switchblade knife. He returns before dawn, then rides into the high hills as his family bids him, now a man, adios. After a day's riding he sleeps and is awakened by a horse down the trail. He rides another day before his horse is shot out from under him. He exchanges shots and receives a granite splinter wound in his right hand. He runs on for several days and is finally shot dead. 4. The Snake Young marine biologist Dr. Phillips brings a sack of starfish from the tide pool to his laboratory on the cannery street in Monterey. The lab: rattlesnakes, rats, cats; killing a cat. Arrival of a tall, lean woman just as he begins timed work making a starfish embryo series. While she waits he begins embalming the cat. She wants to buy the male rattlesnake which she wants to keep in the lab. Her snakish behavior during the feeding annoys Phillips. The starfish series is ruined. She never comes back. 5. Breakfast A cold pre-dawn, by a country road, I see a tent with a lit campstove.

A Feminist Perspective of Atwoods Surfacing Essay -- Feminism Feminis

A Feminist Perspective of Surfacing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Often referred to as a "feminist / ecological treatise" by critics, Margaret Atwood's Surfacing reflects the politics and issues of the postmodern society (Hutcheon 145). The narrator of the story (who remains nameless) returns to the undeveloped island that she grew up on to search for her missing father; in the process, she unmasks the dualities and inconsistencies in both her personal life and her patriarchal society. Through the struggle to reclaim her identity and roots, the Surfacer begins a psychological journey that leads her directly into the natural world. Like the journey itself, the language, events, and characters in Atwood's novel reflect a world that oppresses and dominates both femininity and nature. Strong and unmistakable in Surfacing, the ecofeminist theory establishes itself in three specific ways: through the references to patriarchal reasoned dualities between the masculine and feminine world; through the domination and oppression of the feminine an d natural world, and through the Surfacer's own internal struggle and re-embracement of nature. Since "the voices of ecofeminism are diverse," it requires definition (Zabinski 315). A postmodern movement that "abandons the hardheaded scientific approach . . . in favor of a more spiritual consciousness," ecofeminist theory links the oppression of women with the oppression of nature (Salleh 339). More specifically, "ecological feminism is the position that there are important connections -- historical, experiential, symbolic, theoretical -- between the domination of women and the domination of nature, an understanding which is crucial to both feminism and environmental ethics" (Warren, The Power and the P... ... Ecology." Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism. Ed. Judith Plant. Philedelphia: New Society Publishers, 1989: 18-28. Legleer, Gretchen T. "Ecofeminism Literary Criticism." Warren, Ecofeminism 227-238. Salleh, Ariel. "Deeper than Deep Ecology: The Eco-feminist Connection." Environmental Ethics. Vol.6. 339-345. Warren, Karen, ed. Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, and Nature. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1997. ---. "Taking Empirical Data Seriously: An Ecofeminist Philosophical Perspective." Warren, Ecofeminism 3-20. ---. "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism." Environmental Ethics: 125-146. Zabinski, Catherine. "Scientific Ecology and the Ecological Feminism: The Potential for Dialougue." Warren, Ecofeminism 314-322. Zimmerman, Michael. "Feminism, Deep Ecology, and Environmental Ethics." Environmental Ethics. Vol. 9, 22-44.   

African American History: Tribute to Sojourner Truth

Documentary Film Analysis Worksheet History 221 – African American History Before 1877 Instructions: †¢ You will find the list of films you can choose from in the Lesson section of the course. †¢ Go to the list and pick your film. You must view the entire film. If you can’t access films because of deployment, geographic location, or other reasons, please let your instructor know so they can give you an alternate assignment. †¢ Please type you answers into this sheet.You must submit the worksheet two ways: 1) upload the worksheet as a Word document 2) cut and paste your answers into the student response box for the assignment. †¢ You must answer in complete sentences, using a short answer/paragraph format. 1. What is the title of the film you picked? The title of the film I decided to view is the â€Å"Tribute to Sojourner Truth†. 2. Why did you pick this film over the others offered? I chose this film over all the other offered because I wante d to learn a little more about the life of Sojourner Truth. . What is/are the central message(s) of this documentary/fictional film? Be specific. Use examples from the film to support your choice. The central message of this documentary was to let the world know how much Sojourner Truth is appreciated for her work as an abolitionist and other movements that she participated in. Many people stood up and gave speeches about Sojourner Truth, such as Hilary Clinton who stated that she had the right name because she is a â€Å"Sojourner of truth, for truth, and by truth†. 4.Consider the effectiveness of the film for this history class. What are its strengths and weaknesses of this film in documenting history? This films strength was shown through all the famous people that got up to speak about Sojourner Truth with much pride and respect. Hilary Clinton, Cicely Tyson, and Yolanda Adams were among many others that paid tribute to Sojourner Truth through speeches and song. This film had no weaknesses in my opinion. 5. How do you think the filmmakers want the audience to respond? Is there a social justice message? If so, what is it?I think that the filmmakers want the audience to respond with appreciation because of all the things that Sojourner fought for, among her movements she fought against capital murder and she also fought for women’s rights. There is a Social Justice message that everyone should be treated equal no matter race or gender. 6. Did the documentary leave you with any unanswered questions? If so, what were they? This film did not leave me with any unanswered questions. This film fully informed me of the many movements that Sojourner Truth was involved in. . How did this film change any misconceptions or stereotypes you had about the subject matter? If so, what were they? This film did not change any misconceptions or stereotypes that I had because I didn’t have any. 8. Did the documentary leave you with any unanswered questions? If so, what were they? This film did not leave me with any unanswered questions. This film fully informed me of the many movements that Sojourner Truth was involved in. 9. What is the most important thing you learned from watching the film?The most important thing that I learned from watching this film was that Sojourner Truth was the first African American woman to be honored with a memorial at the Capitol. 10. Why is this film important to understanding contemporary African American History? This film is important to understanding contemporary African American History because this tribute is a part of history, she is the first African American woman to be honored in the capitol and let us not forget the mark she made in the women’s movement.

Global Village Essay

Abstract: The process of creating and sharing information with one another is called communication. The world is becoming a small-intersected community for the rapid changes in technology, expansion of multinational business or activities, transportation and immigration. The sustainability of global economy largely depends on the multinational business or other activities. Therefore, it is essential to communicate effectively among the people from different cultures, nations and groups. But cultural differences stand as barrier for effective communication. Informal understandings among the people, parties from different cultures make the base of effective communication. Proper intercultural communication is the way to make the overall communication more efficient and effective. The emerging use of social media networks also making base of effective intercultural communication. Interactions among different cultural people are making them more familiar to the other cultures and resulting common and shared cultural activities. It is also making the informal understanding among different cultural people. Intercultural communication is also making people much more communicative than previous. People are improving their communication skills, competences by the grace of intercultural communication. Intercultural communications has also impacts on the social, political and cultural values. People are sharing common cultures day by day and society also holding similar values gradually. The political issues are no more for a particular group as people from different places of the world reacting simultaneously. Every major political issue is becoming a global concern. Finally each and every type of communication form has impact on intercultural communication. Verbal, non-verbal, written, visual these all types of communication are influencing intercultural communication. Contents Abstract:2 Introduction:4 The importance of Intercultural Communication in the global view of the world:5 The role of social media such as, Facebook in Intercultural  Communication6 The impact of Intercultural communication on the Communication competence7 The effect of Intercultural Communication on social, political and cultural values8 The effect of various types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written and visual) on Intercultural Communication9 Conclusion:10 References:11 Introduction: Today the world we live in is â€Å"a global village† where no nation, group or culture can remain anonymous (Samovar & Porter, 1991). One part of the world clearly impacts on the other part of the world. And the impact is growing day by day. By the blessings of the modern technology we can easily communicate with the people from anywhere, any nations any cultures of the world. So, if we do not know that particular cultures it may be a critical task to deal with the people. Intercultural communication is a form communication among different groups of people from different cultures of the world. It is also widely known as cross-cultural communication. Some people say that intercultural communication is only communications among the people from different nations. But some disagree and say, it encompasses broader area including inter-ethnic, inter-religious, and even inter-regional communication Even they include communication among individuals of different sexual orientations are as intercultural communication. This assignment encompasses the importance of intercultural communication and the impacts of social media on it. It also covers the impacts of intercultural communication on communication competences of an individual. The impacts on various social, cultural and political aspects are also described in this assignment. Finally, it has critical assessment of the impacts of different communication types like verbal nonverbal written or visual. The importance of Intercultural Communication in the global view of the world: Intercultural Communication has great importance in the global economy, culture and politics as well. Intercultural Communication is most essential for business purpose. When a company runs its business to  different parts of the world it is necessary important to have better understanding about the cultures of different targeting groups. They have to communicate to different segments of people like the suppliers, customers, workers from totally different cultures from the different part of the world. To increase the productivity intercultural communication is also important. As an example, an apparel company produces clothing. If their production plant is located in Europe, it will take very high cost for per unit of production. Then overall productivity will go down. If they have the factory in southern Asia then it can be produced more from the same cost of production as they have low workers cost. Furthermore, in a factory there may have different people from different cultures, if they have a good interactions among them, it will also increase the overall productivity. It opens the door of innovation by teamwork. We all know that, talents are scattered to each and every corner of the world. We also know that, no big outcome is come by a single effort. Each and every radical success so far, is brought by a team work. If the team comprises of talent people from different parts of the world, it would be the best to bring a good result. But the most important issue is that, good interactions and communications among them. Intercultural communication is also important to practice team work for better result. Immigration is another important issue largely depend on intercultural communication. People from the low income country, are selling their labour to the economically stronger county. Here, both parties are getting benefited, as the stronger country is getting low paid worker, where the workers are also getting work opportunity. But, here intercultural communication is also important. We also well concerned about the internet based business in the world. Freelancing is also an emerging issue by the grace of technology. People from one part of the world are getting their jobs done from an expert from a thousand kilometres away. This business is certainly brings a positive some game for the both worker and provider. Modern organizations are composed of diverse people and managers from different culture s to operate multinational business. Intercultural communication also fosters the management skill and leadership skills. Intercultural communication has also importance on global political issues. People are becoming a community with the concern of every trivial political issue. The role of social media such as, Facebook in Intercultural Communication There is a critical role of social media in intercultural communication. Facebook, twitter, MySpace are being used by billions of people across the world. They are interacting in same platform. They are becoming friend from one part of the world to another, from one culture to another culture. Moreover, any news and updates are spreading each and every part of the world just with in a second. These interactions are making a strong base of intercultural communication. As an example, people from china may have different cultural activities and festivals which are very unfamiliar to a person from Europe. But a Chinese is spreading his festivity through the facebook to t person of Europe. Therefore, the person of Europe is getting familiar with the festivals, norms and other cultural activities of the Chinese people. Same to the Chinese one he/she is also getting familiar to the cultures of Europe. Therefore, a strong base is being built by sharing those social media networks. People are getting familiar to the cultural activities to the different parts of the world and intercultural communication is getting improved day by day. People are participating all the cultural activities beyond their own borders and cultures. Moreover, these networks are opening window of interacting informally with one another. Therese informal communication is most important for the better understanding among the people. It helps to clarify all the cultural factors and give an inner insight about a totally different culture. These social media are also helping to communicate with all forms of communication like verbal, non-verbal, written and visual as they are giving opportunity of video conversation. Therefore a strong understanding is growing up and effective intercultural communication is built. The impact of Intercultural communication on the Communication competence Communication competence is the ability to interact well with others (Spitzberg, 1988).To maximize the achievement of communication and to generate adaptive communication performances by using knowledge of self, other, context a situational ability to set realistic and appropriate goals is needed. This ability is communication competence. (Friedrich 1994). Intercultural communication has great impact on the communication  competences of an individual. These are describes as follows. Adaptability: Intercultural communication increases a person’s adaptability by opening new window of social experience, social confirmation, wit and social composure. Empathy: It also helps to increase the ability to demonstrate understanding and share emotional reactions to the situation. It creates the sense of helping each other, parallel emotions and cognitive understanding. Communication ability: It also to increase overall communication and interaction ability among the people. It also increases the flexibility, sensibility, tolerance among the people. It also makes the people to become more broad and open-minded. Interactions among different people increase the confidence in the mind and create sympathy and respect to the other cultural people as well. Therefore, this respect and make people more interactive and their competences of communication increases. People are getting motivated to work with the other cultural people more comfortably. Hence, their sense of interpersonal understanding is growing. People get concepts all informal issues of a culture and communication elements of a particular culture through intercultural communication. The effect of Intercultural Communication on social, political and cultural values Intercultural Communication has impacts on the social, political and cultural values of the people. If we see there is a social change for intercultural communication. The societies of each and different parts of the earth are becoming almost similar. Even in a nation, societies are trying to hold certain standards by following the other society. These are becoming only for the blessings of intercultural communication. Intercultural communication has also impact on the cultural values. As the people are getting familiar with the other cultures day by day it has impacts on his own culture. One example is described as follows. In Europe, Valentine’s Day is observed with a great festivity or New Year celebration is also observed in a great festivity. But by the grace of the modern world and most importantly for intermural communication these festivals are no more for Europe only. People from every part of the world, like Bangladesh is observing these festivals with a great festivity. So, it is clear that one culture is influencing to another culture and new cross-cultural activities are emerging. Popular festivals are no more for a group of  people, people are appreciating cultural activities from different cultures and including to their culture and new cultures are emerging. Cultures are becoming global as well. Finally, the political aspects are also being influenced by the intercultural communications. World politicians are not only concerned about their country only; they have to think a lot about the other parts as well. It will be clear, if we see the very recent incident of Syria. The tragic incident, made an allegation across the world. This is now becoming very common scenario now. Any national incident is no more for a group of people only. It is a concern of the whole world. The world is reacting spontaneously and simultaneously. So, there are also some radical changes for intercultural communications. The effect of various types of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written and visual) on Intercultural Communication There are different forms of communication. People communicate verbally, non-verbally, in a written way or visually. These all type of communication has impacts on interpersonal communication. Few examples will make it clear. Firstly, ‘Good Morning / evening’ are widely used in western culture. These greeting words are the part of their culture. But gradually it is growing global greetings. If we see social network page in a morning, this will be very clear. We can find lots of greetings form different cultural people of the world. What is their culture, their language do not matter actually. Even sometime words have different meaning in different languages, which may create complexity. But gradually these complexities are overcome by the grace of globalization and effective intercultural communication. Another example regarding non-verbal communication form will make the topic clearer. Thumbs up is sign of alright in particular culture but this sign has an opposite meaning in another culture. It is used as an insulting sign in particular cultural group. So, it may be problem when two persons are communicating non-verbally. But, now frequent and massive communications among different cultural groups of people are making these issues more clear. Gradually non- verbal communications are also growing with universal meaning. Similarly, in written communication, certain cultural people have some norms but while communicating to another cultural people it may create some noise. Massive intercultural communications are also reducing these problems. Visual  elements can also be a form of communication. Many pictures, colours have different meaning to different cultural groups of people. People are communicating with video conversation, sharing visual elements in social media in massive scales and these issues are also becoming identical. Conclusion: Message transmission is the main problem in intercultural communication. One person can easily encode or interpret the message from a person of similar culture as they have common values, beliefs and norms. But in cross cultural communication, messages can be encoded different way even sometimes can be interpreted with an opposite meaning. Effective intercultural communications are making these issues more issues and creating a good platform for a good communication base. And these are being built by the grace of modern technology, social media. Intercultural communication is also playing a vital role to the success of multinational organization. Practicing intercultural communication increases the communication competencies of an individual. He or she also gets motivated, confident and efficient than before while communicating proficiently to the co-workers from different cultures. All the forms of communication have also impacts on the intercultural communication. The global village will soon hold very similar culture, values and languages. Intercultural communications are making the base to make globe a borderless village. References: 1. Allwood, J., & Schroeder, R. (2000). Intercultural communication in a virtual environment. Intercultural Communication, 4, 1-15. 2. BeerE.Jennifer. (2003). High and Low Context. Communicating Across Cultures. Retrieved December 01, 2013, from http://www.culture-at-work.com/highlow.html 3. Bomadan, (2010), Importance of Intercultural Communication Retrieved January 07, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=%2Fessays%2FImportance-Of-Intercultural-Communication-To-Ist-297367.html&from=essay 4. Castells, M. (2000). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. British Journal of Sociology. 5. Elisabeth Harper , (2013), Interactive, Social Media Retrieved January 02 from, http://www.omnistudio.com/category/interactive/

Competitive Advantage and Objectives Analysis Essay

Competitive advantage and objectives analysis go hand in hand in determining how marketers will determine product positioning. The main goal of a marketer is to create the image of the company or the product brand. Then the job becomes establishing or positioning the same image or brand into the target market. Positioning is putting the concept into the minds of the prospective consumer. It is important for a marketer to understand the different types of analysis and know how to compare the strengths and weaknesses of each type of analysis. In the following paper a comparison of this analysis will be introduced and explained. Different Types of Analysis Used Product Positioning Product positioning analysis is an important step in the marketing plan. Product positioning is when marketers design and image and value so that consumers in the target market understand how the product is important to them. The goal of marketers is to develop the image so it appeals to consumers and builds the competitive advantage. Product positioning is like the tactical factor or analysis that is part of the overall marketing strategy. It is important when developing the positioning strategy that each part of the mix is incorporated including price, how the product will be distributed, what type of advertising will be used, and most important how well will after – sell customer service be generated. Level Two Heading Replace the level two heading with the words for your heading. The heading must be in bold font. Read more about APA headings on the APA Style Blog. Conclusion The closing paragraph is designed to bring the reader to your way of thinking if you are writing a persuasive essay, to understand relationships if you are writing a comparison/contrast essay, or simply to value the information you provide in an informational essay. The closing paragraph summarizes the key points from the supporting paragraphs without introducing any new information. References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, triple click your mouse on this line of text and replace the information with your reference entry. You can use the Reference and Citation Examples (Center for Writing Excellence>Tutorials and Guides>Reference and Citation Examples) to help format your source information into a reference entry. The reference page always begins on the top of the next page after the conclusion.

How To Overcome The Problems And The Advantages And Dis Advantages Of Using Survey Method

a. ) Discuss the problem which a researcher might encounter when conducting social surveys. Explain how to overcome the problems. b. ) Explain the advantages and dis advantages of using survey method. According to chrishnaswami O. R (2003) social survey is defined as a fact finding study. It is a method of research involving the collection of data directly from a population or a sample there of a particular time.It must not be confused with the mere clerical routine of gathering and tabulating figures for it requires expert and imaginative planning careful and rational interpretation of findings. Omari I. M defined social survey research as probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in collecting original data for describing a population too large to observe directly. Survey may be used for descriptive explanatory and exploratory purposes.Although this method can be used for other units of analysis such as group or interactions it is necessary that some in dividual persons are used as respondents or informants. In social survey data maybe collected by methods like observation, interviewing and questionnaires . social survey has the following characteristics, it is always conducted in a natural setting, it seeks responses directly from the respondents, it can cover a very large population and it covers a definite geographical area for instance a city, district or a state. The following steps are involved while collecting a survey.The first step is selection of as problem and its formulation followed by the preparation of a research design then operation of concepts and construction of measuring indexes and scales then sampling then construction of tools for collection of data and their pretest then field work and calculation of data then processing data and tabulation then lastly reporting. A researcher might encounter certain problems while conducting a survey study, the following are the problems which a researcher might encounter wh ile conducting social survey. A sample survey is subject to sampling error.Its findings must be interpreted in the light of this error. The survey method depends primarily on verbal behavior; the respondent can give untrue or misleading answers hence a survey is subject to response errors. A survey is also subject to errors of measurement, implicit, iniquity attitude, abilities behaviors and other personal traits. There is a limit of the number of items of information that can be collected in a single survey. There is an optional length of time for an interview hence the extent of data requirement should be delimited to the tolerance of the respondents.The survey methods alone are in adequate analyze adequately the complex fabric of social organization . it is also not well suited to studies of historical development. Social surveys are very expensive in terms of time and cost. Hence an individual cannot afford to carry out an extensive survey out of these resources. Having seen the problems which a researcher might encounter the following are the ways through which a researcher can use so as to overcome those problems, The researcher must make sure that the research topic is clearly defined to him/herself .this will enable the researcher to state the problem clearly to his/her respondents. The researcher should be clear both about the information that is required about the topic and the reason for wanting this information for him/herself. The researcher should make sure that the topic has been properly defined for the respondent that is by avoiding the use of abstract words and jargons Researchers should make sure that they ask questions that are relevant to the respondents.He /she should avoid asking hypothetical questions/abstract questions and should also avoid asking for information that requires the respondent to have remembered things that they are likely to have forgotten. This will reduce misleading answers. The researcher should make sure that the qu estions asked are not biased . he/she should ensure balance in the introduction, should also ensure that the sets of response options are balanced and should avoid words that are likely to invoke different reactions or stereotype reactions from respondents.The researcher should eliminate complexities so that the respondent can easily understand the questions . this is by avoiding asking two or more questions at one time, avoid using words with several meaning. Check whether the question has been simplified to its simplest form and avoid using too many vocabularies in the question. The researcher should, ensure that the respondents understand what kind of answer is needed. The researcher should also avoid asking ambiguous questions b) Explain the advantages and dis ad vantages of using survey method.The following are the advantages of survey research The survey method facilitate the drawing generalization about large populations on the basis of representative sample The survey method is flexible to permit the use of various methods of collecting data like observation interviewing and questionnaire. Social surveys sensitize the researcher to unknown problems, the collection of data from respondents through interviewing or mailing often uncovers facts previously unknown to the researcher.The quality of data collected is not dependent on the personal impressions, skills and objectivity of single researcher. The information is gathered from a sample. Generalization can easily been drawn by studying large number of respondents in using effective sample techniques. Social surveys deliver objective accurately measured scientific data which can be easily put into statistical form. Having seen the advantages of the survey method . the following are the dis advantages of social survey methods, In social survey the most important questions might not be asked, this is due to the limit of time.However the researcher might find it difficult to ask, more questions due to poor response and negative reactions from the respondents hence not getting the expected answers. Misinterpretation due to the language used. Respondent may not be well familiar with the language which the researcher use as a result misunderstanding rises due to lack of clarity to the respondents hence sometimes giving out an irrelevant answer to the question asked by the researcher.A single survey is done with a specific planned time and since time is limited the number of items to be collected must also be limited to put in planned time hence leaving out some others items to be collected to make the whole survey complete and worth fully needed facts found. Social survey is very expensive in terms of time and cost. an individual cannot afford to carry out an extensive survey out of his resources. The concepts and forms of language used in the survey maybe misinterpreted hence lead the respondent to tell lies. This creates limitation to the researcher on terms of facts finding hence can lead to false conclusions